{"id":1256,"date":"2020-01-06T13:04:24","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T05:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/149.129.74.185\/?p=1256"},"modified":"2020-01-06T19:59:46","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T11:59:46","slug":"%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f-linux-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/?p=1256","title":{"rendered":"[\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf] Linux Review"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>Linux \u6982\u8ff0<\/h5>\n<h6>OSI \uff08Open Source Initiative\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\uff09<\/h6>\n<p>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u975e\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee4\u6210\u672c\u66f4\u4f4e\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>Linux\u7248\u672c\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5185\u6838\uff08Kernel\uff09\u7248\uff0c<\/li>\n<li>\u53d1\u884c\uff08Distribution\uff09\u7248 \u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u7684\u662f<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u672c<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\u7684\u662f<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u53d1\u5c55\u7248\u672c<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>\u5e38\u89c1\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u672c<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>Ubuntu<\/li>\n<li>CentOS<\/li>\n<li>Fedora core<\/li>\n<li>Red Hat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\/bin\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/boot\uff1a\u5f00\u673a\u8bbe\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6446\u653e\u6838\u5fc3vmlinuz\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\uff1a\u6446\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u5907\u88c5\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fpasswd\u3001shadow\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/etc\/rc.d\/init.d:\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8f7d\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u7684scripts\u7684\u6446\u653e\u5730\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/home\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/lib\uff1aLinux\u6267\u884c\u6216\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/mnt\uff1a\u8f6f\u9a71\u4e0e\u5149\u9a71\u63a5\u5165\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u5730\u65b9<\/li>\n<li>\/proc\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6838\u5fc3\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li>\/root\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\/tmp\uff1a\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/bin\u3001\/bin\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6446\u653e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/usr\/sbin\u3001\/sbin\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e38\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/var\uff1a\u6446\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\/lost+fount\uff1a\u6446\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u4ea7\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u9057\u5931\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u4e3a\u5076\u6570\u7684\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e3a\u5947\u6570\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6269\u5c55\u540d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>.c \u2014c\u8bed\u8a00\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>.C .cc .cxx \u2014c++\u8bed\u8a00\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>.s .S \u2014\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00\u6e90\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>.h \u2014\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>.o \u2014\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff09<\/li>\n<li>.a .so .sa \u2014\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>GCC \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-c \u7f16\u8bd1\u6210\u76ee\u6807\uff08.o\uff09\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>-l \u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u540d \u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\"> EG: -lphtread\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li>-o \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u00a0\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662fa.out<\/li>\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1agcc -o name name.c<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 gcc name.c \u4f1a\u751f\u6210 <span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">a.out<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u8f7d\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 gcc \u2013I \/usr\/openwin\/include power.c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>exec \u51fd\u6570<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u79cdexec\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee3\u6362\uff0c\u800c<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5219\u4ece\u5176main\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c<\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528exec\u5e76\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bPID\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u3002exec\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6b63\u6587\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5806\u548c\u6808\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u4fe1<\/h6>\n<p>\u7ba1\u9053\u662f\u6307\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfb\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5199\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c<strong><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3apipe\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5411\u7ba1\u9053\uff08\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u5373\u5199\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u63a5\u6536\u7ba1\u9053\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08\u5373\u8bfb\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u53ef\u4ece\u7ba1\u9053\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u3002\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u4fe1\u662f<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>Pthreads\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_t \u7ebf\u7a0bID<\/li>\n<li>pthread_mutex_t \u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n<li>pthread_cond_t \u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>POSIX \u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e93<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_create()\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570\uff1b\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_create(&amp;tid,NULL,runner,argv[1]);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pthread_exit()\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1b\n<ul>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u6210\u529f\u5219\u8fd4\u56de0\uff0c\u5931\u8d25\u8fd4\u56de-1\uff0c\u800c\u9519\u8bef\u53f7\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cferrno\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">pthread_exit\u53ea\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u81ea\u8eab\u9000\u51fa<\/span>\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u7528<br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">return\u5219\u6240\u6709\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa<\/span>\u3002\u5b50\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">exit\uff0c\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5168\u90e8\u7ec8\u6b62<\/span>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>pthread_exit(NULL);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pthread_join()\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6302\u8d77\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5f85\u5230\u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5f53\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u88ab\u6536\u56de\u3002\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_join(tid1, NULL);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pthread_cancel()\uff1a\u7ec8\u6b62\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u4e92\u65a5\u9501<\/h6>\n<p>pthread_mutex_t<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1apthread_mutex_init()\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_mutex_init (&amp;mutex, NULL);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u4e0a\u9501\uff1apthread_mutex_lock()<\/li>\n<li>\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\u89e3\u9501\uff1apthread_mutex_unlock()<\/li>\n<li>\u6d88\u9664\u4e92\u65a5\u9501\uff1apthread_mutex_destroy()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u00a0\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u00a0Condition<\/h6>\n<p>pthread_cond_t<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_cond_init \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *cond, const pthread_condattr_t *attr);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pthred_cond_wait \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u76f4\u5230\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u6536\u5230\u4fe1\u53f7\n<ul>\n<li>pthread_cond_wait(&amp;cond, &amp;mutex);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pthread_cond_signal \u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/li>\n<li>pthread_cond_broadcast \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u89e3\u9501<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>Linux \u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757<\/h5>\n<h6>\u52a8\u6001\u53ef\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\uff08Loadable Kernel Module LKM\uff09<\/h6>\n<p>\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u76ee\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6587\u4ef6<\/span>\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u4ece\u5185\u6838\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5145\u5185\u6838\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h6>insmod \u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8c03\u7528init_module()<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>lsmod \u67e5\u770b\u6a21\u5757<\/h6>\n<h6>rmmod \u5378\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u884c\u5728cleanup_module()\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>\u67e5\u770bprintk\u4fe1\u606f<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>cat \/var\/log\/syslog \u6216 dmesg | tail -5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h6>ksyms<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>cat \/proc\/kallsyms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>Linux \u5185\u6838<\/h5>\n<h6>\u5185\u6838\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h6>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u63a5\u53e3<\/span>\uff1aSCI \u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 read \u548c write\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6<\/span>\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9CPU\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/span>\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u865a\u62df\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08VFS\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u9690\u85cf\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u6807\u51c6\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5b58\u53d6\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff99cc;\">\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1(IPC)<\/span>\uff1a\u652f\u6301\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u5404\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>Linux \u6307\u4ee4<\/h5>\n<p>ls \u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-a \u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>-d \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>-i \u663e\u793a\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9<\/li>\n<li>-l \u5217\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>cat \u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-n \u7f16\u53f7\u884c\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>tail \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540e N \u884c\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u540e 10 \u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-c \u540e\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li>-n \u540e\u591a\u5c11\u884c<\/li>\n<li>-f \u52a8\u6001\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u672bN\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>mkdir \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 \/ rmdir \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>touch \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>rm \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 -r \u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>cd \u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u5f55 ~\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\/.\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\/..\u5f53\u524d\u7236\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>pwd \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>cp \u6e90\u6587\u4ef6 \u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>ln \u4e3a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u590d\u5236\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\uff08hard\u00a0link\uff09\uff1a\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff08\u522b\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540c\u65f6\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff08symbolic link\uff09\uff1a\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5373\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u8f6f\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u6ca1\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>chmod \u547d\u4ee4\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650 chmod 777 filename<\/p>\n<p>tar \u547d\u4ee4\u6253\u5305<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>-c \u521b\u5efa\u6253\u5305 \/ -z \u89e3\u538b \/ -x \u89e3\u9664\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9 \/ -v \u8be6\u7ec6\u62a5\u544a \/ -f \u4f7f\u7528\u6253\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5fc5\u9009<\/li>\n<li>eg\uff1a\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29 tar -zcvf \/ \u89e3\u538b\u8fd8\u539f tar -zxvf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>mount \u6302\u8f7d \/ umount \u5378\u8f7d<\/p>\n<p>df \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5 -h<\/p>\n<p>mkfs \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u78c1\u76d8<\/p>\n<p>ping\u3001traceroute\u3001route<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u673a\uff1ashutdown -h now; halt; poweroff; init 0<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\uff1ashutdown -r now; reboot; init 6<\/p>\n<p>strace\u00a0\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5982 strace ls<\/p>\n<p>inode<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u5355\u72ec\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3ainode (\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570 \u636e\u7ed3\u6784)\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2ainode\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3ainode\u53f7\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u8282 \u70b9\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u503c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\uff1aFAT\u3001NTFS\u3001Ext2\u3001Ext3\u3001Ext4\u3001Iso9660<\/p>\n<p>\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u662f Linux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u65f6\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e8c\u7ea7\u9875\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u6ca1\u6709inode\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7279\u522b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9875\u8868\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5168\u90e8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5360\u7528\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5c31\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2a\u6570 NR_TASKS \u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 512\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u5907\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\uff1aLinux\u5229\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u786c\u8bbe\u5907\u5b8c\u6210\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u628a\u5916\u90e8\u8bbe\u5907\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\uff0cIDE\u786c\u76d8\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<p>less\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u9875\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0bdaemon\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u6253\u5370\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406Internet\u5e94\u7528\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e38\u9a7b\u540e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>export\u547d\u4ee4\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>umask\u4e3a022\uff0c\u5219\u6587\u672c\u6743\u9650\u4e3arw-r&#8211;r&#8211;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u6709\u5728 \/etc\/fstab \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528 mount -a<\/p>\n<p>Linux \u7528 \/dev\/hdb2 \u6807\u8bc6\u5728 IDE0 \u4e0a\u7684 slave \u786c\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>file chapter[12689].eps<\/p>\n<p>bush shell set \u663e\u793a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n<p>0\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51651\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa2\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>grep \u7b5b\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edfext4<\/p>\n<p>init\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\u4e3a1<\/p>\n<p>\u8bbe\u7f6eshell #!\/bin\/bash<\/p>\n<p>U\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d mount -t vfat \/dev\/sdb \/mnt\/usb<\/p>\n<p>head -n 20 textfile | tail \u663e\u793a\u4e2d\u95f410\u884c<\/p>\n<p>ln -s .\/linux-2.6.36\/ \/usr\/src\/linux<\/p>\n<p>magic number \u552f\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684id<\/p>\n<p>CPU\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5SJF\u6ca1\u6709\u5728LINUX\u76842.6\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c8\u53eb\u52a0\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\/boot\u624d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u9875\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>bzImage \u5728arch\/i386\/boot \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<p>struct *mm \u6307\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u7a0b\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>struct file\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0 VFS \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 struct page\u3001Buddy\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001Slab\u6280\u672f\u7ba1\u7406\u7269\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>fork-&gt;sys_fork-&gt;do_fork<\/p>\n<p>\u4f11\u7720\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u662fLinux\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n<p>man 2 \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/p>\n<p>SCHED_RR \u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>proc\u53ea\u5728\u5185\u6838\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n<p>VFS\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\u662f struct dentry<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>if = f1 \u4ee5f1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p>read\u8c03\u7528\u5185\u6838\u51fd\u6570 sys_read<\/p>\n<p>\u9875\u76ee\u5f55\u8868\u5730\u5740\u5b58\u653e\u5728CR3\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>ext2\u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f2\u7a7a\u95f4\u91c7\u7528\u4f4d\u56fe\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>slab\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u4e3a\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u9875\u5e27\u7684\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7533\u8bf7\u4e0e\u91ca\u653e\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Linux\u7684\u9875\u7f6e\u6362\u7b56\u7565\u662fLRU\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Linux \u6982\u8ff0 OSI \uff08Open Source Initiative\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4fc3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16,20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1256"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1256"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1273,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1256\/revisions\/1273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.magicmipamipa.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}